A type of irrigation.Smart irrigation controllers monitor weather, soil conditions, evaporation and plant water use to automatically adjust the watering schedule to actual conditions of the site.

This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the Smart Irrigation industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of Smart Irrigation. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.

In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Smart Irrigation in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.

In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.

Key players in the global Smart Irrigation market covered in Chapter 13:

Galcon

Hydropoint Data Systems

Weathermatic

Hunter Industries

Netafim

The Toro Company

Rachio

Rain Bird Corporation

Baseline

Calsense

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Smart Irrigation market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:

Weather-Based Controllers

Sensor-Based Controllers

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Smart Irrigation market from 2015 to 2025 covers:

Greenhouse

Turf and Landscape

Golf Courses

Others

Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:

United States

Europe

China

Japan

India

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:

North America (Covered in Chapter 8)

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)

Germany

UK

France

Italy

Spain

Others

Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)

China

Japan

India

South Korea

Southeast Asia

Others

Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)

Saudi Arabia

UAE

South Africa

Others

South America (Covered in Chapter 12)

Brazil

Others

Years considered for this report:

Historical Years: 2015-2019

Base Year: 2019

Estimated Year: 2020

Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Smart Irrigation Market - Research Scope

1.1 Study Goals

1.2 Market Definition and Scope

1.3 Key Market Segments

1.4 Study and Forecasting Years

2 Smart Irrigation Market - Research Methodology

2.1 Methodology

2.2 Research Data Source

2.2.1 Secondary Data

2.2.2 Primary Data

2.2.3 Market Size Estimation

2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer

3 Smart Irrigation Market Forces

3.1 Global Smart Irrigation Market Size

3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)

3.2.1 Political Factors

3.2.2 Economic Factors

3.2.3 Social Factors

3.2.4 Technological Factors

3.2.5 Environmental Factors

3.2.6 Legal Factors

3.3 Industry Trend Analysis

3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19

3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19

3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry

3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario

3.5 Industry Risk Assessment

4 Smart Irrigation Market - By Geography

4.1 Global Smart Irrigation Market Value and Market Share by Regions

4.1.1 Global Smart Irrigation Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)

4.1.2 Global Smart Irrigation Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

4.2 Global Smart Irrigation Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries

4.2.1 Global Smart Irrigation Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)

4.2.2 Global Smart Irrigation Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)

4.3 Global Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions

4.3.1 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)

4.3.2 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

5 Smart Irrigation Market - By Trade Statistics

5.1 Global Smart Irrigation Export and Import

5.2 United States Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.3 Europe Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.4 China Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.5 Japan Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.6 India Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.7

6 Smart Irrigation Market - By Type

6.1 Global Smart Irrigation Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.1 Global Smart Irrigation Production by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.2 Global Smart Irrigation Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.2 Global Smart Irrigation Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.2.1 Global Smart Irrigation Value by Types (2015-2020)

6.2.2 Global Smart Irrigation Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.3 Global Smart Irrigation Production, Price and Growth Rate of Weather-Based Controllers (2015-2020)

6.4 Global Smart Irrigation Production, Price and Growth Rate of Sensor-Based Controllers (2015-2020)

7 Smart Irrigation Market - By Application

7.1 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.1 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.2 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.2 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Growth Rate of Greenhouse (2015-2020)

7.3 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Growth Rate of Turf and Landscape (2015-2020)

7.4 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Growth Rate of Golf Courses (2015-2020)

7.5 Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)

8 North America Smart Irrigation Market

8.1 North America Smart Irrigation Market Size

8.2 United States Smart Irrigation Market Size

8.3 Canada Smart Irrigation Market Size

8.4 Mexico Smart Irrigation Market Size

8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9 Europe Smart Irrigation Market Analysis

9.1 Europe Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.2 Germany Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.3 United Kingdom Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.4 France Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.5 Italy Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.6 Spain Smart Irrigation Market Size

9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10 Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Market Analysis

10.1 Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.2 China Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.3 Japan Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.4 South Korea Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.5 Southeast Asia Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.6 India Smart Irrigation Market Size

10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11 Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Market Analysis

11.1 Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Market Size

11.2 Saudi Arabia Smart Irrigation Market Size

11.3 UAE Smart Irrigation Market Size

11.4 South Africa Smart Irrigation Market Size

11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

12 South America Smart Irrigation Market Analysis

12.1 South America Smart Irrigation Market Size

12.2 Brazil Smart Irrigation Market Size

12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

13 Company Profiles

13.1 Galcon

13.1.1 Galcon Basic Information

13.1.2 Galcon Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.1.3 Galcon Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.2 Hydropoint Data Systems

13.2.1 Hydropoint Data Systems Basic Information

13.2.2 Hydropoint Data Systems Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.2.3 Hydropoint Data Systems Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.3 Weathermatic

13.3.1 Weathermatic Basic Information

13.3.2 Weathermatic Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.3.3 Weathermatic Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.4 Hunter Industries

13.4.1 Hunter Industries Basic Information

13.4.2 Hunter Industries Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.4.3 Hunter Industries Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.5 Netafim

13.5.1 Netafim Basic Information

13.5.2 Netafim Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.5.3 Netafim Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.6 The Toro Company

13.6.1 The Toro Company Basic Information

13.6.2 The Toro Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.6.3 The Toro Company Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.7 Rachio

13.7.1 Rachio Basic Information

13.7.2 Rachio Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.7.3 Rachio Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.8 Rain Bird Corporation

13.8.1 Rain Bird Corporation Basic Information

13.8.2 Rain Bird Corporation Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.8.3 Rain Bird Corporation Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.9 Baseline

13.9.1 Baseline Basic Information

13.9.2 Baseline Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.9.3 Baseline Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.10 Calsense

13.10.1 Calsense Basic Information

13.10.2 Calsense Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.10.3 Calsense Smart Irrigation Market Performance (2015-2020)

14 Market Forecast - By Regions

14.1 North America Smart Irrigation Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.2 Europe Smart Irrigation Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.3 Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.4 Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.5 South America Smart Irrigation Market Forecast (2020-2025)

15 Market Forecast - By Type and Applications

15.1 Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)

15.1.1 Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

15.1.2 Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

15.2 Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Smart Irrigation Picture

Table Smart Irrigation Key Market Segments

Figure Study and Forecasting Years

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Value Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Production Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Smart Irrigation Export Top 3 Country 2019

Table Global Smart Irrigation Import Top 3 Country 2019

Table United States Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Europe Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table China Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Japan Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table India Smart Irrigation Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Production by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Production Share by Type (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Value by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Value Share by Type (2015-2020)

Figure Global Weather-Based Controllers Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Weather-Based Controllers Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Sensor-Based Controllers Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Sensor-Based Controllers Price (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Figure Global Smart Irrigation Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)

Figure Global Greenhouse Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Turf and Landscape Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Golf Courses Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Others Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table North America Smart Irrigation Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table North America Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure North America Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure United States Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure Europe Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Europe Smart Irrigation Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Europe Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Germany Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure China Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Southeast Asia Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Saudi Arabia Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure UAE Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table South America Smart Irrigation Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table South America Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure South America Smart Irrigation Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Brazil Smart Irrigation Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Galcon Company Profile

Table Galcon Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Galcon Production and Growth Rate

Figure Galcon Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Hydropoint Data Systems Company Profile

Table Hydropoint Data Systems Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Hydropoint Data Systems Production and Growth Rate

Figure Hydropoint Data Systems Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Weathermatic Company Profile

Table Weathermatic Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Weathermatic Production and Growth Rate

Figure Weathermatic Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Hunter Industries Company Profile

Table Hunter Industries Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Hunter Industries Production and Growth Rate

Figure Hunter Industries Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Netafim Company Profile

Table Netafim Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Netafim Production and Growth Rate

Figure Netafim Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table The Toro Company Company Profile

Table The Toro Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure The Toro Company Production and Growth Rate

Figure The Toro Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Rachio Company Profile

Table Rachio Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Rachio Production and Growth Rate

Figure Rachio Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Rain Bird Corporation Company Profile

Table Rain Bird Corporation Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Rain Bird Corporation Production and Growth Rate

Figure Rain Bird Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Baseline Company Profile

Table Baseline Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Baseline Production and Growth Rate

Figure Baseline Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Calsense Company Profile

Table Calsense Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Calsense Production and Growth Rate

Figure Calsense Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Smart Irrigation Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Methodology/Research Approach

This research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. The following illustrative figure shows the market research methodology applied in this report.

Research Programs/Design

Historical Data (2015-2019)	Industry Trends Competitive Landscape By Company Expansion Mergers and Acquisitions Market Segment by Type by Application By Regions/ Geography	Value Status and Outlook Value for Major Players Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis Value Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis
Influencing Factors	Market Environment Government Policy Technological Changes Market Risks	Market Drivers Growing Demand of Downstream Reduction in Cost
Market Forecast (2021-2026)	Overall Size by Type by Application By Regions/Geography	Key Data (Value) Market Share Growth Rate CAGR (2021-2026)

Market Size Estimation

Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global Voluntary Carbon Offset market size market and estimate the market size for Company, regions segments, product segments and Application (end users).

The market estimations in this report are based on the marketed sale price of Voluntary Carbon Offset (excluding any discounts provided by the player, distributor, wholesaler or traders). The percentage splits, market share, and breakdowns of the product segments are derived on the basis of weights assigned to each of the segments on the basis of their utilization rate and average sale price. The regional splits of the overall Voluntary Carbon Offset market and its sub-segments are based on the percentage adoption or utilization of the given product in the respective region or country.

Major Company in the market is identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top Company; whereas, primary research included extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs and marketing executives. The percentage splits, market share, Growth Rate and breakdowns of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources.

All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from Market Intellix and presented in this report

The following figure shows an illustrative representation of the overall market size estimation process used for this study.

Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub-segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report.

Data Source

Secondary Sources

Secondary sources include such as press releases, annual reports, non-profit organizations, industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data, etc. This research study involves the usage of widespread secondary sources, directories, databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), and TRADING ECONOMICS, and News Network, statista, Federal Reserve Economic Data, annual reports, BIS Statistics, ICIS; company house documents; CAS(American Chemical Society); investor presentations; and SEC filings of companies. Secondary research was used to identify and collect information useful for the extensive, technical, market-oriented, and Hospitals study of the Voluntary Carbon Offset market. It was also used to obtain important information about the top companies, market classification and segmentation according to industry trends to the bottom-most level, and key developments related to market and technology perspectives.

Market Size	Segmental value Geographic Penetration Product Adoption Rate for Different market	Journals, Websites, and Press Releases Annual Reports and SEC Filings Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Market Intellix Data Repository
Market Position of Top Company	Product Financials Geographic value Mix Total Company value Business/Segmental value Mix
Qualitative Analysis	Influence Factors Market Potential Market Risks and Opportunities Industry Trends Geographical Features Government Policies	Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Annual Reports Industry Associations Market Intellix Data Repository

Primary Sources

In the primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. The primary sources from the supply side include product Company (and their competitors), opinion leaders, industry experts, research institutions, distributors, dealer and traders, as well as the raw materials suppliers and producers, etc.

The primary sources from the demand side include industry experts such as business leaders, marketing and sales directors, technology and innovation directors, supply chain executive, end use (product buyers), and related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the global market.

Primary research was conducted to identify segmentation Type, product price range, product Application, key Company, raw materials supply and the downstream demand, industry status and outlook, and key market dynamics such as risks, influence factors, opportunities, market barriers, industry trends, and key player strategies.

Key Executives Interviewed

Key Data Information from Primary Sources

Primary Sources	Parameters	Key Data
Market Segments(by Application, by Type)	Value by Type Status and Forecast Value by Application Value by Regions, Status and Forecast (2021-2026)	Value Market Share by Type Value Growth Rate by Type Value by Application Percentage and Growth Rate by Application Value Growth Rate and Market Share by Regions Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)
Total Market	Overall Size, Status and Forecast	Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)