This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the Naphthenic Acid industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of Naphthenic Acid. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.

In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Naphthenic Acid in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.

In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.

Key players in the global Naphthenic Acid market covered in Chapter 13:

Paint aMerichem

Rare-Earth

Zhangming

Midas

Umicore

Fulltime

Sea Chemical

Changfeng

Ming Ring

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Naphthenic Acid market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:

High-purity Naphthenic Acid

Refined Naphthenic Acid

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Naphthenic Acid market from 2015 to 2025 covers:

Rubber Additives

Fuel and Lubricant Additives

Wood Preservatives

Paint and Ink Driers

Others

Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:

United States

Europe

China

Japan

India

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:

North America (Covered in Chapter 8)

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)

Germany

UK

France

Italy

Spain

Others

Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)

China

Japan

India

South Korea

Southeast Asia

Others

Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)

Saudi Arabia

UAE

South Africa

Others

South America (Covered in Chapter 12)

Brazil

Others

Years considered for this report:

Historical Years: 2015-2019

Base Year: 2019

Estimated Year: 2020

Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Naphthenic Acid Market - Research Scope

1.1 Study Goals

1.2 Market Definition and Scope

1.3 Key Market Segments

1.4 Study and Forecasting Years

2 Naphthenic Acid Market - Research Methodology

2.1 Methodology

2.2 Research Data Source

2.2.1 Secondary Data

2.2.2 Primary Data

2.2.3 Market Size Estimation

2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer

3 Naphthenic Acid Market Forces

3.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Size

3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)

3.2.1 Political Factors

3.2.2 Economic Factors

3.2.3 Social Factors

3.2.4 Technological Factors

3.2.5 Environmental Factors

3.2.6 Legal Factors

3.3 Industry Trend Analysis

3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19

3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19

3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry

3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario

3.5 Industry Risk Assessment

4 Naphthenic Acid Market - By Geography

4.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Value and Market Share by Regions

4.1.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)

4.1.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

4.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries

4.2.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)

4.2.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)

4.3 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions

4.3.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)

4.3.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

5 Naphthenic Acid Market - By Trade Statistics

5.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Export and Import

5.2 United States Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.3 Europe Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.4 China Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.5 Japan Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.6 India Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

5.7

6 Naphthenic Acid Market - By Type

6.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Production by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.2.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Value by Types (2015-2020)

6.2.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.3 Global Naphthenic Acid Production, Price and Growth Rate of High-purity Naphthenic Acid (2015-2020)

6.4 Global Naphthenic Acid Production, Price and Growth Rate of Refined Naphthenic Acid (2015-2020)

7 Naphthenic Acid Market - By Application

7.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate of Rubber Additives (2015-2020)

7.3 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate of Fuel and Lubricant Additives (2015-2020)

7.4 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate of Wood Preservatives (2015-2020)

7.5 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate of Paint and Ink Driers (2015-2020)

7.6 Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)

8 North America Naphthenic Acid Market

8.1 North America Naphthenic Acid Market Size

8.2 United States Naphthenic Acid Market Size

8.3 Canada Naphthenic Acid Market Size

8.4 Mexico Naphthenic Acid Market Size

8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9 Europe Naphthenic Acid Market Analysis

9.1 Europe Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.2 Germany Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.3 United Kingdom Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.4 France Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.5 Italy Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.6 Spain Naphthenic Acid Market Size

9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10 Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Market Analysis

10.1 Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.2 China Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.3 Japan Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.4 South Korea Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.5 Southeast Asia Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.6 India Naphthenic Acid Market Size

10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11 Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Analysis

11.1 Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Size

11.2 Saudi Arabia Naphthenic Acid Market Size

11.3 UAE Naphthenic Acid Market Size

11.4 South Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Size

11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

12 South America Naphthenic Acid Market Analysis

12.1 South America Naphthenic Acid Market Size

12.2 Brazil Naphthenic Acid Market Size

12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

13 Company Profiles

13.1 Paint aMerichem

13.1.1 Paint aMerichem Basic Information

13.1.2 Paint aMerichem Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.1.3 Paint aMerichem Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.2 Rare-Earth

13.2.1 Rare-Earth Basic Information

13.2.2 Rare-Earth Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.2.3 Rare-Earth Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.3 Zhangming

13.3.1 Zhangming Basic Information

13.3.2 Zhangming Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.3.3 Zhangming Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.4 Midas

13.4.1 Midas Basic Information

13.4.2 Midas Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.4.3 Midas Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.5 Umicore

13.5.1 Umicore Basic Information

13.5.2 Umicore Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.5.3 Umicore Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.6 Fulltime

13.6.1 Fulltime Basic Information

13.6.2 Fulltime Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.6.3 Fulltime Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.7 Sea Chemical

13.7.1 Sea Chemical Basic Information

13.7.2 Sea Chemical Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.7.3 Sea Chemical Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.8 Changfeng

13.8.1 Changfeng Basic Information

13.8.2 Changfeng Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.8.3 Changfeng Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

13.9 Ming Ring

13.9.1 Ming Ring Basic Information

13.9.2 Ming Ring Product Profiles, Application and Specification

13.9.3 Ming Ring Naphthenic Acid Market Performance (2015-2020)

14 Market Forecast - By Regions

14.1 North America Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.2 Europe Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.3 Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.4 Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast (2020-2025)

14.5 South America Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast (2020-2025)

15 Market Forecast - By Type and Applications

15.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)

15.1.1 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

15.1.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

15.2 Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Naphthenic Acid Picture

Table Naphthenic Acid Key Market Segments

Figure Study and Forecasting Years

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Value Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Production Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Export Top 3 Country 2019

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Import Top 3 Country 2019

Table United States Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Europe Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table China Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Japan Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table India Naphthenic Acid Export and Import (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Production by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Production Share by Type (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Value by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Value Share by Type (2015-2020)

Figure Global High-purity Naphthenic Acid Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global High-purity Naphthenic Acid Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Refined Naphthenic Acid Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Refined Naphthenic Acid Price (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Figure Global Naphthenic Acid Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)

Figure Global Rubber Additives Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Fuel and Lubricant Additives Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Wood Preservatives Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Paint and Ink Driers Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Others Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table North America Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table North America Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure North America Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure United States Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure Europe Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Europe Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Europe Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Germany Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure China Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Southeast Asia Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Saudi Arabia Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure UAE Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table South America Naphthenic Acid Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)

Table South America Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure South America Naphthenic Acid Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)

Figure Brazil Naphthenic Acid Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Paint aMerichem Company Profile

Table Paint aMerichem Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Paint aMerichem Production and Growth Rate

Figure Paint aMerichem Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Rare-Earth Company Profile

Table Rare-Earth Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Rare-Earth Production and Growth Rate

Figure Rare-Earth Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Zhangming Company Profile

Table Zhangming Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Zhangming Production and Growth Rate

Figure Zhangming Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Midas Company Profile

Table Midas Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Midas Production and Growth Rate

Figure Midas Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Umicore Company Profile

Table Umicore Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Umicore Production and Growth Rate

Figure Umicore Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Fulltime Company Profile

Table Fulltime Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Fulltime Production and Growth Rate

Figure Fulltime Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Sea Chemical Company Profile

Table Sea Chemical Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Sea Chemical Production and Growth Rate

Figure Sea Chemical Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Changfeng Company Profile

Table Changfeng Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Changfeng Production and Growth Rate

Figure Changfeng Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Ming Ring Company Profile

Table Ming Ring Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020

Figure Ming Ring Production and Growth Rate

Figure Ming Ring Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Naphthenic Acid Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Methodology/Research Approach

This research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. The following illustrative figure shows the market research methodology applied in this report.

Research Programs/Design

Historical Data (2015-2019)	Industry Trends Competitive Landscape By Company Expansion Mergers and Acquisitions Market Segment by Type by Application By Regions/ Geography	Value Status and Outlook Value for Major Players Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis Value Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis
Influencing Factors	Market Environment Government Policy Technological Changes Market Risks	Market Drivers Growing Demand of Downstream Reduction in Cost
Market Forecast (2021-2026)	Overall Size by Type by Application By Regions/Geography	Key Data (Value) Market Share Growth Rate CAGR (2021-2026)

Market Size Estimation

Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global Voluntary Carbon Offset market size market and estimate the market size for Company, regions segments, product segments and Application (end users).

The market estimations in this report are based on the marketed sale price of Voluntary Carbon Offset (excluding any discounts provided by the player, distributor, wholesaler or traders). The percentage splits, market share, and breakdowns of the product segments are derived on the basis of weights assigned to each of the segments on the basis of their utilization rate and average sale price. The regional splits of the overall Voluntary Carbon Offset market and its sub-segments are based on the percentage adoption or utilization of the given product in the respective region or country.

Major Company in the market is identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top Company; whereas, primary research included extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs and marketing executives. The percentage splits, market share, Growth Rate and breakdowns of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources.

All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from Market Intellix and presented in this report

The following figure shows an illustrative representation of the overall market size estimation process used for this study.

Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub-segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report.

Data Source

Secondary Sources

Secondary sources include such as press releases, annual reports, non-profit organizations, industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data, etc. This research study involves the usage of widespread secondary sources, directories, databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), and TRADING ECONOMICS, and News Network, statista, Federal Reserve Economic Data, annual reports, BIS Statistics, ICIS; company house documents; CAS(American Chemical Society); investor presentations; and SEC filings of companies. Secondary research was used to identify and collect information useful for the extensive, technical, market-oriented, and Hospitals study of the Voluntary Carbon Offset market. It was also used to obtain important information about the top companies, market classification and segmentation according to industry trends to the bottom-most level, and key developments related to market and technology perspectives.

Market Size	Segmental value Geographic Penetration Product Adoption Rate for Different market	Journals, Websites, and Press Releases Annual Reports and SEC Filings Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Market Intellix Data Repository
Market Position of Top Company	Product Financials Geographic value Mix Total Company value Business/Segmental value Mix
Qualitative Analysis	Influence Factors Market Potential Market Risks and Opportunities Industry Trends Geographical Features Government Policies	Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Annual Reports Industry Associations Market Intellix Data Repository

Primary Sources

In the primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. The primary sources from the supply side include product Company (and their competitors), opinion leaders, industry experts, research institutions, distributors, dealer and traders, as well as the raw materials suppliers and producers, etc.

The primary sources from the demand side include industry experts such as business leaders, marketing and sales directors, technology and innovation directors, supply chain executive, end use (product buyers), and related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the global market.

Primary research was conducted to identify segmentation Type, product price range, product Application, key Company, raw materials supply and the downstream demand, industry status and outlook, and key market dynamics such as risks, influence factors, opportunities, market barriers, industry trends, and key player strategies.

Key Executives Interviewed

Key Data Information from Primary Sources

Primary Sources	Parameters	Key Data
Market Segments(by Application, by Type)	Value by Type Status and Forecast Value by Application Value by Regions, Status and Forecast (2021-2026)	Value Market Share by Type Value Growth Rate by Type Value by Application Percentage and Growth Rate by Application Value Growth Rate and Market Share by Regions Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)
Total Market	Overall Size, Status and Forecast	Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)