The research time span covered by the report is from 2018 to 2029; it provides an overview of the Global Respiratory Care Device Market and also provides a deeper in-depth segmentation of the market by regions, product type and downstream industries.

The global Respiratory Care Device market size in 2022 is 19950.0 million US dollars, and it is expected to be 35542.8 million US dollars by 2029, with a compound annual growth rate of 8.60% expected in 2023-2029.

MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE:

The main players in the Respiratory Care Device market include Koninklijke Philips N.V, Masimo Corporation, Teleflex Incorporated, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited, and Hamilton Medical AG. The share of the top 3 players in the Respiratory Care Device market is XX%.

REGION SHARE:

The report covers the market size information of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa, and North America accounted for XX%, Europe accounted for XX% of Respiratory Care Device market, and Asia Pacific accounted for XX%.

SEGMENT OVERVIEW:

The report segments the market by Type and Application. Therapeutic Respiratory Care Devices accounted for XX% of Respiratory Care Device market in 2022. Respiratory Care Monitoring Devices share of XX%.

Hospitals accounted for XX% of the Respiratory Care Device market in 2022. Home Care accounts for XX%.

For competitive landscape, prominent players with considerable market shares are comprehensively analyzed in this report. With information regarding the concentration ratio and detailed data reflecting the market performance of each player shared, the readers can acquire a holistic view of the competitive situation and a better understanding of their competitors.

As the COVID-19 takes over the world, we are continuously tracking the changes in the markets. We analyzed the impact of the pandemic in detail, along with other key factors, such as macro-economy, regional conflicts, industry related news and policies. Meanwhile, market investment scenario, technology status and developments, supply chain challenges, among other essential research elements are all covered.

Key Factors Considered:

COVID-19

The report describes the market scenario during and post the pandemic in the vision of upstream, major market participants, downstream major customers, etc. Other aspects, such as changes in consumer behavior, demand, transport capacity, trade flow under COVID-19, have also been taken into consideration during the process of the research.

Regional Conflict / Russia-Ukraine War

The report also presents the impact of regional conflict on this market in an effort to aid the readers to understand how the market has been adversely influenced and how it's going to evolve in the years to come.

Challenges & Opportunities

Factors that may help create opportunities and boost profits for market players, as well as challenges that may restrain or even pose a threat to the development of the players, are revealed in the report, which can shed a light on strategic decisions and implementation.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the product overview, market scope, study objectives and industry dynamic analysis, and then includes the global impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Chapter 2: Analysis of the competitive environment of Respiratory Care Device market participants. This mainly includes the revenue and market share of the top players, along with the players' M&A and expansion in recent years.

Chapters 3-5: Segmented the global Respiratory Care Device market by type, application and region. Analyze the revenue of market segments from different perspectives.

Chapter 6: Provide global Respiratory Care Device market size and growth by region.

Chapter 7: Analyzes the main companies in the Respiratory Care Device industry, including their main businesses, products/services, revenue, gross margin, and the latest developments.

Chapter 8: Analyzes the Respiratory Care Device Value Chain, including industrial chain and major downstream buyers.

Chapter 9: The main points and conclusions of the report.

Chapter 10: Concludes with an explanation of the data sources and research methods.

Highlights-Regions

North America

United States

Canada

Europe

Germany

France

UK

Italy

Russia

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Southeast Asia

Australia

Latin America

Brazil

Argentina

Mexico

MEA

Saudi Arabia

UAE

Turkey

Player list

Koninklijke Philips N.V

Masimo Corporation

Teleflex Incorporated

Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited

Hamilton Medical AG

ICU Medical Inc.

General Electric Company

Types list

Therapeutic Respiratory Care Devices

Respiratory Care Monitoring Devices

Diagnostic Respiratory Care Devices

Consumables and Accessories

Application list

Hospitals

Home Care

Ambulatory Care

Others

Table of Content

1 Study Coverage

1.1 Respiratory Care Device Product Introduction

1.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Outlook 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

1.3 United States Respiratory Care Device Outlook 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

1.4 Respiratory Care Device Market Size, United States VS Global, 2018-2029

1.4.1 The Market Share of United States Respiratory Care Device in Global, 2018-2029

1.4.2 The Growth Rate of Respiratory Care Device Market Size, United States VS Global, 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

1.5 Respiratory Care Device Market Dynamics

1.5.1 Respiratory Care Device Market Trends

1.5.2 Respiratory Care Device Market Drivers

1.5.3 Respiratory Care Device Market Challenges

1.5.4 Respiratory Care Device Market Restraints

1.6 Study Objectives

1.7 Years Considered

1.8 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Impact on Global

2 Global Respiratory Care Device Competitor Landscape by Company

2.1 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Company

2.1.1 Top Global Respiratory Care Device Player Ranked by Revenue (2023)

2.1.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Player (2018-2023)

2.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Concentration Ratio (CR)

2.2.1 Respiratory Care Device Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2018-2023)

2.2.2 Global Top 3 and Top 6 Largest Players of Respiratory Care Device in 2023

2.3 Global Respiratory Care Device Business Distribution, Business Type

2.3.1 Global Respiratory Care Device Players, Headquarters and Distribution

2.3.2 Players Respiratory Care Device Business Type

2.3.3 Date of International Players Enter into Respiratory Care Device Market

2.4 Players Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

2.5 United States Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Company

2.5.1 Top United States Respiratory Care Device Player s Ranked by Revenue (2023)

2.5.2 United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Player (2018-2023)

3 Respiratory Care Device Market Segment by Type

3.1 Respiratory Care Device Market Segment by Type

3.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Type

3.3 United States Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Type

4 Respiratory Care Device by Market Segment Application

4.1 Respiratory Care Device Market Segment by Application

4.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Application

4.3 United States Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Application

5 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Region

5.1 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

5.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size in Value by Region (2018-2029)

5.2.1 Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Region: 2018-2023

5.2.2 Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Region: 2023-2029

6 Segment in Regional Level & Country Level

6.1 North America

6.1.1 North America Respiratory Care Device Market Size YoY Growth 2018-2029

6.1.2 North America Respiratory Care Device Market Facts & Figures by Country (2018-2029)

6.1.3 U.S.

6.1.4 Canada

6.2 Asia Pacific

6.2.1 Asia Pacific Respiratory Care Device Market Size YoY Growth 2018-2029

6.2.2 Asia Pacific Respiratory Care Device Market Facts & Figures by Country (2018-2029)

6.2.3 China

6.2.4 Japan

6.2.5 South Korea

6.2.6 India

6.2.7 Australia

6.2.8 Southeast Asia

6.3 Europe

6.3.1 Europe Respiratory Care Device Market Size YoY Growth 2018-2029

6.3.2 Europe Respiratory Care Device Market Facts & Figures by Country (2018-2029)

6.3.3 Germany

6.3.4 France

6.3.5 UK

6.3.6 Italy

6.3.7 Russia

6.4 Latin America

6.4.1 Latin America Respiratory Care Device Market Size YoY Growth 2018-2029

6.4.2 Latin America Respiratory Care Device Market Facts & Figures by Country (2018-2029)

6.4.3 Mexico

6.4.4 Brazil

6.4.5 Argentina

6.5 Middle East and Africa

6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Respiratory Care Device Market Size YoY Growth 2018-2029

6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Respiratory Care Device Market Facts & Figures by Country (2018-2029)

6.5.3 Turkey

6.5.4 Saudi Arabia

6.5.5 UAE

7 Company Profiles

7.1 Koninklijke Philips N.V

7.1.1 Company Details

7.1.2 Description and Business Overview

7.1.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.1.4 Koninklijke Philips N.V Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.1.5 Koninklijke Philips N.V Recent Development

7.2 Masimo Corporation

7.2.1 Company Details

7.2.2 Description and Business Overview

7.2.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.2.4 Masimo Corporation Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.2.5 Masimo Corporation Recent Development

7.3 Teleflex Incorporated

7.3.1 Company Details

7.3.2 Description and Business Overview

7.3.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.3.4 Teleflex Incorporated Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.3.5 Teleflex Incorporated Recent Development

7.4 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited

7.4.1 Company Details

7.4.2 Description and Business Overview

7.4.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.4.4 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.4.5 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Recent Development

7.5 Hamilton Medical AG

7.5.1 Company Details

7.5.2 Description and Business Overview

7.5.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.5.4 Hamilton Medical AG Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.5.5 Hamilton Medical AG Recent Development

7.6 ICU Medical Inc.

7.6.1 Company Details

7.6.2 Description and Business Overview

7.6.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.6.4 ICU Medical Inc. Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.6.5 ICU Medical Inc. Recent Development

7.7 General Electric Company

7.7.1 Company Details

7.7.2 Description and Business Overview

7.7.3 Respiratory Care Device Introduction

7.7.4 General Electric Company Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023)

7.7.5 General Electric Company Recent Development

8 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis

8.1 Respiratory Care Device Value Chain Analysis

8.2 Respiratory Care Device Customers

9 Research Findings and Conclusion

10 Methodology and Data Source

10.1 Methodology

10.1.1 Research Process

10.1.2 Market Size Estimation

10.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

10.2 Data Source

10.2.1 Legal Disclaimer

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Respiratory Care Device Product Picture

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue, ($), 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size 2018-2029 ($)

Table United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue, ($), 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Market Size 2018-2029 ($)

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Market Share in Global, in Value 2018-2029

Table Respiratory Care Device CAGR in Value, United States VS Global, 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

Table Respiratory Care Device Market Trends

Table Respiratory Care Device Market Drivers

Table Respiratory Care Device Market Challenges

Table Respiratory Care Device Market Restraints

Figure Respiratory Care Device Report Years Considered

Figure (COVID-19) Impact on Global Economic Growth 2019, 2020, 2021

Figure Population infected by the Covid-19 of Major Countries

Table Top Respiratory Care Device Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Player, ($), 2018-2023

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue Share by Player, 2018-2023

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5)

Figure The Top 3 and 6 Largest Players of Respiratory Care Device in the World: Market Share by Respiratory Care Device Revenue in 2023

Table Top Players of Respiratory Care Device in Global Market, Headquarters and Distribution

Table Players Respiratory Care Device Business Type

Table Date of International Players Enter into Respiratory Care Device Market

Table Players Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Table Top Respiratory Care Device Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2023)

Table United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Player, ($), 2018-2023

Table United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue Share by Player, 2018-2023

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Type: 2023 VS 2029 ($)

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2029

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Type (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue Market Share in Value by Type (2018-2029)

Table United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Type: 2023 VS 2029 ($)

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Market Share by Type in 2023 & 2029

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Type (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue Market Share in Value by Type (2018-2029)

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Application: 2023 VS 2029 ($)

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2029

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Application (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue Market Share in Value by Application (2018-2029)

Table United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Application: 2023 VS 2029 ($)

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Market Share by Application in 2023 & 2029

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Application (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure United States Respiratory Care Device Revenue Market Share in Value by Application (2018-2029)

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size by Region ($): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

Figure Global Respiratory Care Device Market Size Market Share by Region: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2029

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Region (2018-2023) & ($)

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2029) & ($)

Table Global Respiratory Care Device Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2029)

Figure North America Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029

Table North America Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Country (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure U.S. Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Canada Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Asia Pacific Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($)

Table Asia Pacific Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Country (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure China Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Japan Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure South Korea Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure India Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Australia Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Southeast Asia Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Europe Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($)

Table Europe Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Country (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Germany Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure France Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure UK Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Italy Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Russia Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Latin America Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($)

Table Latin America Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Country (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Mexico Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Brazil Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Argentina Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Middle East and Africa Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate 2018-2029 ($)

Table Middle East and Africa Respiratory Care Device Revenue by Country (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Turkey Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure Saudi Arabia Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Figure UAE Respiratory Care Device Revenue Growth Rate (2018-2029) & ($)

Table Koninklijke Philips N.V Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table Koninklijke Philips N.V Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table Koninklijke Philips N.V Recent Development

Table Masimo Corporation Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table Masimo Corporation Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table Masimo Corporation Recent Development

Table Teleflex Incorporated Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table Teleflex Incorporated Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table Teleflex Incorporated Recent Development

Table Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited Recent Development

Table Hamilton Medical AG Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table Hamilton Medical AG Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table Hamilton Medical AG Recent Development

Table ICU Medical Inc. Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table ICU Medical Inc. Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table ICU Medical Inc. Recent Development

Table General Electric Company Company Details

Table Description and Business Overview

Table Respiratory Care Device Introduction

Table General Electric Company Respiratory Care Device Revenue, Gross, and Gross Margin (2018-2023) (Million USD)

Table General Electric Company Recent Development

Figure Respiratory Care Device Value Chain

Table Major Customers of Respiratory Care Device with Contact Information

Table Research Process

Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Methodology/Research Approach

This research study involved the extensive usage of both primary and secondary data sources. The research process involved the study of various factors affecting the industry, including the government policy, market environment, competitive landscape, historical data, present trends in the market, technological innovation, upcoming technologies and the technical progress in related industry, and market risks, opportunities, market barriers and challenges. The following illustrative figure shows the market research methodology applied in this report.

Research Programs/Design

Historical Data (2015-2019)	Industry Trends Competitive Landscape By Company Expansion Mergers and Acquisitions Market Segment by Type by Application By Regions/ Geography	Value Status and Outlook Value for Major Players Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis Value Market Share Growth Rate Present Situation Analysis
Influencing Factors	Market Environment Government Policy Technological Changes Market Risks	Market Drivers Growing Demand of Downstream Reduction in Cost
Market Forecast (2021-2026)	Overall Size by Type by Application By Regions/Geography	Key Data (Value) Market Share Growth Rate CAGR (2021-2026)

Market Size Estimation

Top-down and bottom-up approaches are used to validate the global Voluntary Carbon Offset market size market and estimate the market size for Company, regions segments, product segments and Application (end users).

The market estimations in this report are based on the marketed sale price of Voluntary Carbon Offset (excluding any discounts provided by the player, distributor, wholesaler or traders). The percentage splits, market share, and breakdowns of the product segments are derived on the basis of weights assigned to each of the segments on the basis of their utilization rate and average sale price. The regional splits of the overall Voluntary Carbon Offset market and its sub-segments are based on the percentage adoption or utilization of the given product in the respective region or country.

Major Company in the market is identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top Company; whereas, primary research included extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs and marketing executives. The percentage splits, market share, Growth Rate and breakdowns of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources.

All possible factors that influence the markets included in this research study have been accounted for, viewed in extensive detail, verified through primary research, and analyzed to get the final quantitative and qualitative data. The market size for top-level markets and sub-segments is normalized, and the effect of inflation, economic downturns, and regulatory & policy changes or other factors are not accounted for in the market forecast. This data is combined and added with detailed inputs and analysis from Market Intellix and presented in this report

The following figure shows an illustrative representation of the overall market size estimation process used for this study.

Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

After complete market engineering with calculations for market statistics; market size estimations; market forecasting; market breakdown; and data triangulation, extensive primary research was conducted to gather information and verify and validate the critical numbers arrived at. In the complete market engineering process, both top-down and bottom-up approaches were extensively used, along with several data triangulation methods, to perform market estimation and market forecasting for the overall market segments and sub-segments listed in this report. Extensive qualitative and further quantitative analysis is also done from all the numbers arrived at in the complete market engineering process to list key information throughout the report.

Data Source

Secondary Sources

Secondary sources include such as press releases, annual reports, non-profit organizations, industry associations, governmental agencies and customs data, etc. This research study involves the usage of widespread secondary sources, directories, databases such as Bloomberg Business, Wind Info, Hoovers, Factiva (Dow Jones & Company), and TRADING ECONOMICS, and News Network, statista, Federal Reserve Economic Data, annual reports, BIS Statistics, ICIS; company house documents; CAS(American Chemical Society); investor presentations; and SEC filings of companies. Secondary research was used to identify and collect information useful for the extensive, technical, market-oriented, and Hospitals study of the Voluntary Carbon Offset market. It was also used to obtain important information about the top companies, market classification and segmentation according to industry trends to the bottom-most level, and key developments related to market and technology perspectives.

Market Size	Segmental value Geographic Penetration Product Adoption Rate for Different market	Journals, Websites, and Press Releases Annual Reports and SEC Filings Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Market Intellix Data Repository
Market Position of Top Company	Product Financials Geographic value Mix Total Company value Business/Segmental value Mix
Qualitative Analysis	Influence Factors Market Potential Market Risks and Opportunities Industry Trends Geographical Features Government Policies	Company Websites and Press Releases Public and Paid Databases Annual Reports Industry Associations Market Intellix Data Repository

Primary Sources

In the primary research process, various sources from both the supply and demand sides were interviewed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information for this report. The primary sources from the supply side include product Company (and their competitors), opinion leaders, industry experts, research institutions, distributors, dealer and traders, as well as the raw materials suppliers and producers, etc.

The primary sources from the demand side include industry experts such as business leaders, marketing and sales directors, technology and innovation directors, supply chain executive, end use (product buyers), and related key executives from various key companies and organizations operating in the global market.

Primary research was conducted to identify segmentation Type, product price range, product Application, key Company, raw materials supply and the downstream demand, industry status and outlook, and key market dynamics such as risks, influence factors, opportunities, market barriers, industry trends, and key player strategies.

Key Executives Interviewed

Key Data Information from Primary Sources

Primary Sources	Parameters	Key Data
Market Segments(by Application, by Type)	Value by Type Status and Forecast Value by Application Value by Regions, Status and Forecast (2021-2026)	Value Market Share by Type Value Growth Rate by Type Value by Application Percentage and Growth Rate by Application Value Growth Rate and Market Share by Regions Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)
Total Market	Overall Size, Status and Forecast	Market Size Status and Forecast (2021-2026)